生物活性

• 描述Levamisole ((-)-Tetramisole) hydrochloride is an anthelmintic and immunomodulator belonging to a class of synthetic imidazothiazole derivatives. Levamisole hydrochloride has antiviral effects against HSV. Levamisole suppresses the production of white blood cells, resulting in neutropenia and agranulocytosis. With the increasing use of levamisole as an adulterant, a number of these complications have been reported among cocaine users^[3]. Levamisole reversibly and noncompetitively inhibits most isoforms of alkaline phosphatase (e.g., human liver, bone, kidney, and spleen) except the intestinal and placental isoform^[4]. There was no benefit of a single-dose of levamisole hydrochloride as adjuvant to intravenous artesunate in the treatment of adults with severe falciparum malaria. Rapid parasite killing by intravenous artesunate might obscure the effects of levamisole^[5]. Using BALB/c mice with experimental allergic rhinitis, levamisole delivered locally (intranasal, i.n.) could attenuate early-phase inflammatory response, decrease histamine, suppress edema and eosinophil infiltration, and diminish the ovalbumin-specific serum IgE level. Levamisole can decrease IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 mRNA and increase IL-12, IL-18 and IFN-gamma mRNA^[6].
• 临床研究

• NCT号	适应症或疾病	临床期	招募状态	预计完成时间	地点
  NCT03432364	Transfusion Dependent Beta-tha... more >>lassemia Collapse <<	Phase 1 Phase 2	Recruiting	May 2022	United States, California ... more >> University of California, Los Angeles Recruiting Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095-1678 Contact: Nikki Alimi, ANP-BC    310-794-0242    NAlimi@mednet.ucla.edu    Contact: Bruck Habtemariam    310-794-0242    bhabtemariam@mednet.ucla.edu    Principal Investigator: Gary Schiller, M.D.          UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Recruiting Oakland, California, United States, 94609 Contact: Julie Decaris    510-428-3885 ext 2739    jdecaris@mail.cho.org    Principal Investigator: Mark Walters, MD          United States, Massachusetts Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Recruiting Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02116 Contact: Colleen Dansereau, M.S.N., R.N.    617-919-7008    colleen.dansereau@childrens.harvard.edu    Principal Investigator: David A Williams, M.D.          United States, Minnesota University of Minnesota Recruiting Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455 Contact: Angela Smith, M.D., M.S.    612-625-7253    smith719@umn.edu    Contact: Jennifer Braun, R.N., BSN    612-625-0084    danie659@umn.edu    Principal Investigator: Angela Smith, M.D., M.S. Collapse <<
  NCT03141970	Nephrotic Syndrome	Phase 3	Recruiting	March 31, 2022	United States, California ... more >> Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Pediatric IBD & Pediatric Nephrology Not yet recruiting Los Angeles, California, United States, 90048 Contact: Jessica Reece, MA    310-423-5314    jessica.reece@cshs.org    Principal Investigator: Elaine S Kamil, MD          Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology Not yet recruiting Stanford, California, United States, 94305 Contact: Maira Simas    650-725-8327    mnsimas@standford.edu    Principal Investigator: Gia J Oh, MD          United States, Michigan University of Michigan Department of Pedatric Nephrology Not yet recruiting Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109 Contact: Brenda S Buckle, MSN    734-232-4830    bbuckle@med.umich.edu    Contact: Hailey Desmond, MS    734 232 4830    heturner@med.umich.edu    Principal Investigator: Debbie Gipson, MD          United States, North Carolina Levine's Children/Carolinas HealthCare System Not yet recruiting Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, 28207 Contact: Jennifer Lamothe, RN,BSN,CCRC    704-347-4052    jennifer.lamothe@carolinas.org    Principal Investigator: Susan Massengill, MD          India All India Institute of Medical Sciences Recruiting New Delhi, Delhi, India, 110029 Contact: Arvind Bagga, MD    911126593472    arvindbagga@hotmail.com    Contact: Aditi Sinha, MD    919899145489    aditisinhaaiims@gmail.com    Principal Investigator: Arvind Bagga, MD          Sub-Investigator: Aditi Sinha, MD          Sub-Investigator: Pankaj Hari, MD Collapse <<
  NCT02878564	Schistosomiasis Mansoni ... more >> HIV Collapse <<	Phase 4	Completed	-	Uganda ... more >> UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine program Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda Collapse <<

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• 参考文献

• [1] Khan FA, Sanyal PK, et al. Comparative anthelmintic activity of strategic sustained low-level administration of albendazole in feed pellets compared to single doses of closantel and tetramisole against natural ovine parasitic gastroenteritis. Trop Anim Health Prod. 1999 Aug;31(4):193-204.

  [2] Blach-Olszewska Z, Zaczynska E. Influence of L-tetramisole on the interferon production by mouse peritoneal and L929 cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1991;39(5-6):597-604.

  [3] Zhu NY, Legatt DF, Turner AR. Agranulocytosis after consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Feb 17;150(4):287-9

  [4] Van Belle H. Alkaline phosphatase. I. Kinetics and inhibition by levamisole of purified isoenzymes from humans. Clin Chem. 1976 Jul;22(7):972-6

  [5] Maude RJ, Silamut K, Plewes K, Charunwatthana P, Ho M, Abul Faiz M, Rahman R, Hossain MA, Hassan MU, Bin Yunus E, Hoque G, Islam F, Ghose A, Hanson J, Schlatter J, Lacey R, Eastaugh A, Tarning J, Lee SJ, White NJ, Chotivanich K, Day NP, Dondorp AM. Randomized controlled trial of levamisole hydrochloride as adjunctive therapy in severe falciparum malaria with high parasitemia. J Infect Dis. 2014 Jan 1;209(1):120-9

  [6] Wang H, Zhang J, Gao C, Zhu Y, Wang C, Zheng W. Topical levamisole hydrochloride therapy attenuates experimental murine allergic rhinitis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Dec 22;577(1-3):162-9

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